What does the thyroid do?
The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. It produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, body temperature, heart rate, and energy levels.
When thyroid hormone levels become too high or too low, many systems throughout the body may be affected.
Through primary care, patients can receive evaluation, laboratory review, medication management, and long-term monitoring for thyroid-related concerns.
Common thyroid symptoms
Thyroid disorders may produce symptoms gradually, making them easy to overlook.
Common thyroid disorders
Several different conditions can affect thyroid function.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones. Symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and depression.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism occurs when too much thyroid hormone is produced. Symptoms may include anxiety, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and difficulty sleeping.
How thyroid disorders are diagnosed
Evaluation may include a medical history, physical examination, symptom review, and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels.
Some patients may also require imaging studies or additional testing.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the underlying condition and may include:
- Medication
- Routine laboratory monitoring
- Lifestyle modifications
- Specialist referral when appropriate
- Long-term follow-up visits
Many thyroid conditions can be successfully managed through ongoing care and regular monitoring.
Reviewed by
Nordian S. Brown, AGNP-C, CWAP
Board Certified Adult & Gerontology Nurse Practitioner